The climate in Siberia and the Urals is quite severe, so it is quite difficult to lay an apple orchard. Trees should be especially hardy and hardy. Thanks to modern selection, apple varieties have appeared that not only meet all needs, but also bring a good harvest.
How to choose an apple tree for the Urals and Siberia
When choosing a variety, consider its winter hardiness. There are varieties with varying degrees of winter hardiness. Seedlings with high winter hardiness are suitable for cultivation in harsh climates, they easily tolerate frosts up to -50 C, are not demanding on sunlight and watering.
The second selection criterion should be the yield of the tree. It is best to select varieties with high yields that bear fruit several years after vaccination.
Consider the timing of fruit ripening. For growing in the northern regions, early and medium varieties are more suitable, which ripen in early summer and autumn. It is better not to grow winter varieties in the Urals, because already at the end of August there is a risk of night frosts, the fruits will go bad, will be poorly stored.
Summing up, we can say that in the northern regions it is possible to grow apples, but you need to choose proven varieties that rarely get sick and are affected by pests, tolerate frosts and give a plentiful harvest.
Early apple varieties for the Urals and Siberia with a photo
Early varieties are designed for summer consumption, they have low keeping quality. Fruits begin to be harvested in July until August.
Among the popular varieties, the most productive and hardy were selected:
• Melba. A popular variety among gardeners, medium-sized fruits. Shelf life of the crop is 60 days. Fruits a tree five years after planting.
• White filling. A sweetish-tasting variety, comes into bearing after five years of cultivation. The fruits are poorly stored, so they are often put into processing. Productivity is high, the ripening period is early August.
• Bugler. Apple tree with small fruits. The fruits are suitable for processing and summer consumption. Fruiting is stable, every year you can get good yields. The tree bears fruit after 4 years, the peak of fruiting occurs at 8 years.
• Ligol. Large-fruited variety of apples with good productivity. Fruits several years after planting. Harvest is stored for a long time, which is especially pleasing to gardeners.
• Belarusian sweet. The apple tree gives a plentiful harvest, especially for 5 years of cultivation. The weight of apples is 200 g. The fruits deteriorate quickly, so it is better to put them into processing.
These varieties are well established, in harsh conditions give stable crops, rarely get sick and are affected by pests.
Autumn apple varieties for the Urals and Siberia with photo
To create a good garden, it is better to choose apple trees of different ripening dates. The climate in the Urals is very unpredictable and late frosts can ruin the flowering of early varieties, so be sure to plant apple trees with an average ripening period in the garden. Such fruits are well stored until a new crop, ripening during storage. Popular varieties of winter apples for regions with harsh climates:
• Autumn striped. Large-fruited variety of apple trees. Crops are high, with good care, you can collect up to 70 kg from one tree. The peculiarity of the apple tree is that fruiting occurs in a year. The first time the crop is harvested at the age of 7-8 years.
• Ural bulk. A quick-growing variety, the seedling gives the first crop already in the second year of cultivation. The peak yield occurs in 4-5 years. Fruits are yellow, not large, well stored, suitable for processing.
• Beauty of Sverdlovsk. Red juicy apples reach a weight of 250 grams. The variety is rarely affected by pests, does not crumble and does not get sick. Fruiting occurs 4 years after vaccination. Peak yield at 8 years. Apples are well stored until next season.
• Bryansk pink. The large-fruited variety bears fruit in delicious and juicy apples. It tolerates frosts and is stored for a long time. Matures in the vault.
• Florina. Variety with purple apples of unusual shape. The fruits are covered with a coating that allows them to be stored until spring. It comes into bearing at 5 years of cultivation. Productivity is consistently high, up to 10 kg of apples can be harvested from one tree.
• Jonagold. American apple variety that bears fruit for 3 years of cultivation. Commodity volumes of fruits are harvested after 6 years. Productivity is high - up to 15 kg per tree.
Do not rush to choose a variety, think carefully and choose the most suitable for your garden.
Column-shaped apple trees: varieties for the Urals and Siberia
If there is not enough space in the garden, then columnar trees are what you need. A feature of the columnar apple trees is their productivity. The first 5 years, it grows, and then it is established at the same level. The height of the tree allows you to cover it completely, which will provide additional safety in the winter.
Breeders have bred several varieties that can be successfully grown in the harsh northern climate.
• The president. Late variety, large fruits with good taste.
• Vasyugan. Autumn apple tree comes into bearing early. Differs in high productivity and good winter hardiness. The fruits are large with good taste.
• Iksha. Summer variety with good frost resistance.
• Medoc. The fruits have a honey aroma and flavor. It tolerates temperature extremes. Ripening period is mid July.
• Arbat. Late variety with excellent quality fruits. The crop is well kept until next season.
Despite the good winter hardiness of these varieties, for the winter all leaves are removed from the tree and covered with snow or tied with spruce branches.
Features of growing apple trees in the northern regions
Planting apple trees and caring for trees in a harsh climate has its own characteristics.
Apple trees are planted in late autumn, when frosts are set so that the tree does not start growing. You can plant seedlings in early spring, as soon as the snow melts. The site is chosen with a low occurrence of groundwater, with fertile soil rich in nitrogen.
In severe frosts, the soil deeply freezes, even the root system of winter-hardy varieties can be damaged. To avoid this, the tree trunk circle is mulched with a thick layer of humus or peat. The thickness of the mulch is at least 10 cm. From above, additionally cover with dry leaves or snow.
Watering the apple tree only after planting. In subsequent years, enough natural precipitation. In the dry period, rare watering is allowed.
For a good development of a seedling and a high yield, fertilizing is done. Apply nitrogen and phosphorus-potash fertilizers.
Formative pruning is carried out a year after planting. Next, only preventive pruning is performed. In spring, the branches of apple trees are cut to the maximum, which stimulates their growth and increases the yield. In colonized varieties, the central conductor is not cut.
As you can see, growing apples in Siberia and the Urals is a troublesome business. But with the right approach, the yield will be stable and high. Choose only winter-hardy varieties, do not forget about the care and feeding rules.
